$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient presents with a deficiency in pancreatic lipase. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of gastric acid from the stomach’s parietal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 4

During carbohydrate digestion, which enzyme initiates the breakdown of starch in the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 5

A patient has a blockage in the common bile duct. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Reduced emulsification and absorption of dietary fats.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the role of the hepatic portal vein in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver for processing.

Question 8

A patient with lactose intolerance lacks which enzyme, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; inability to hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the absorption of dietary fats?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification by bile salts → hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase → formation of micelles → absorption into lymphatic system

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic system in the absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

It carries absorbed fatty acids and monoglycerides as chylomicrons from the intestine.

Question 11

Which phase of the uterine cycle is characterized by the rebuilding of the endometrial lining, and which hormone is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase; estrogen

Question 12

A woman’s ovulation is triggered by a surge in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive tract?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the placenta during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another individual.

Question 16

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Plasma B cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and provide sites for immune cell activation.

Question 18

A patient receives a vaccine containing an inactivated virus. Which type of immunity is primarily stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells attacking infected cells.

Question 20

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of a peptide bond during protein digestion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Peptide} + \mathrm{H_2O} \xrightarrow{	ext{peptidase}} 	ext{Amino acid}_1 + 	ext{Amino acid}_2$$

Exam 4 Study Guide: Digestive System, Nutrition & Metabolism, Reproductive System, and Lymphatic/Immune System

Study Guide - Practice Questions