Q: Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the absolute refractory period in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the period during which voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated and no new action potential can be initiated, regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of fine touch and vibration sense in the lower limbs. Which tract is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

Question 4

Which of the following best differentiates a graded potential from an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials can summate and decrease with distance, while action potentials are propagated without decrement.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the neuromuscular junction and is essential for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 6

Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression and also has a parasympathetic function?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 7

A person accidentally strikes their 'funny bone.' Which nerve is most likely affected, and what is the typical sensation?

Accepted Answer

Ulnar nerve; tingling in the ring and little fingers

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between afferent and efferent nerves?

Accepted Answer

Afferent nerves carry sensory information to the CNS, while efferent nerves carry motor signals away from the CNS.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a major nerve arising from the brachial plexus?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Processing of emotions, memory, and motivation

Question 11

A patient is unable to move their foot and has lost sensation over the lateral aspect of the leg. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 12

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT have a parasympathetic function?

Accepted Answer

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A ganglion is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS, while a nucleus is a cluster in the CNS.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the creation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 15

Which of the following receptors responds to mechanical pressure or distortion?

Accepted Answer

Mechanoreceptors

Question 16

Which nerve is most frequently injured in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

Relay of sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell, maintaining a negative resting membrane potential.

Question 19

Which of the following nerves is NOT part of the lumbar plexus?

Accepted Answer

Radial nerve

Question 20

Bell's palsy is most commonly associated with dysfunction of which cranial nerve?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Exam Review: Nervous System and Special Senses (Ch. 11-13)

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