Question 1

Which ligament anchors the ovary medially to the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Ovarian ligament

Question 2

During which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle does the stratum functionalis detach and menstruation occur?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 3

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

To secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 4

Which hormone surge triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

LH

Question 5

A woman presents with amenorrhea and low body fat due to intense physical activity. Which hormone is most likely deficient, leading to her reproductive disruption?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 6

Which structure is homologous to the male scrotum in the female external genitalia?

Accepted Answer

Labia majora

Question 7

What is the fate of the secondary oocyte if it is not penetrated by sperm?

Accepted Answer

It deteriorates

Question 8

Which layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Stratum functionalis

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) after a chlamydia infection. What is a possible long-term consequence?

Accepted Answer

Infertility due to scar tissue

Question 10

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is most consistent in duration and lasts 14 days from ovulation to the end of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Question 11

What is the main function of the fimbriae of the uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

To create currents that sweep the oocyte into the tube

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for the anabolic effects on the female reproductive tract and the development of secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 13

A genetic female embryo exposed to testosterone during development will most likely develop:

Accepted Answer

Male ducts, glands, and a penis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference in gamete production between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one viable ovum and polar bodies; spermatogenesis produces four viable sperm

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the genetic determination of female offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$X_{egg} + X_{sperm} \rightarrow XX ($$female offspring)

Question 16

Which structure in the breast is responsible for producing milk?

Accepted Answer

Glandular alveoli

Question 17

A woman with Turner’s syndrome (XO) will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Never develop ovaries

Question 18

Which phase of the uterine cycle is characterized by rising progesterone levels and preparation of the endometrium for implantation?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk factor for breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Early onset of menstruation

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the stratum functionalis during the secretory phase?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology: Structure and Function

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