Question 1

Which ligament anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall?

Accepted Answer

Suspensory ligament

Question 2

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the corpus luteum secrete progesterone and estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Question 3

A patient presents with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene. Which condition is she at increased risk for?

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer

Question 4

Which structure is homologous to the male scrotum?

Accepted Answer

Labia majora

Question 5

What is the correct sequence of follicle development in the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Primordial follicle → Primary follicle → Secondary follicle → Graafian follicle

Question 6

Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for contractions during labor?

Accepted Answer

Myometrium

Question 7

A woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding. Which vascular structure is most directly responsible for the shedding of the endometrial functional layer?

Accepted Answer

Spiral arteries

Question 8

Which hormone surge triggers ovulation by weakening the wall of the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 9

If fertilization does not occur, what happens to the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

It degenerates into the corpus albicans

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the fimbriae of the uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

They create currents to carry the oocyte into the uterine tube

Question 11

A patient undergoes a radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Which structure is most likely to be removed in addition to the breast tissue?

Accepted Answer

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 12

Which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle is characterized by the rebuilding of the endometrium?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative (preovulatory) phase

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of estrogen during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Initiates meiosis II in the primary oocyte

Question 14

A woman is found to have a mutation in the SRY gene. What is the most likely consequence regarding her sexual development?

Accepted Answer

She will develop female internal genitalia

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why females can experience multiple orgasms in a single sexual experience?

Accepted Answer

Females do not have a refractory period after orgasm

Question 16

During the menstrual cycle, which event is directly caused by the fall in progesterone levels?

Accepted Answer

Shedding of the stratum functionalis

Question 17

Which of the following structures is responsible for producing milk in lactating women?

Accepted Answer

Glandular alveoli

Question 18

A patient presents with a blockage in her uterine tube. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the stratum basalis of the endometrium?

Accepted Answer

It forms a new stratum functionalis after menstruation

Question 20

A woman is found to have a thickened endometrium during the secretory phase. Which hormone is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Female Reproductive System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Aspects

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