Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation during the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 2

During meiosis in the female, what is the chromosomal composition of a secondary oocyte just before ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Haploid (n), with 23 chromosomes

Question 3

A woman presents with infertility and a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What is the most likely anatomical consequence of PID that leads to infertility?

Accepted Answer

Scar tissue formation in the uterine tubes

Question 4

Which layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Stratum functionalis

Question 5

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

To secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 6

Which anatomical structure is homologous to the male scrotum in females?

Accepted Answer

Labia majora

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Where is the most common site for the fertilized oocyte to implant abnormally?

Accepted Answer

Distal uterine tube or peritoneal cavity

Question 8

Which hormone exerts negative feedback on FSH release from the anterior pituitary in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

Inhibin

Question 9

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for regeneration of the stratum functionalis?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the genetic outcome of meiosis in human gametes?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells, each genetically unique

Question 11

A female athlete experiences amenorrhea. Which physiological factor is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Low body fat leading to decreased leptin and estrogen production

Question 12

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the usual site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 13

What is the role of the spiral arteries in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

They degenerate and regenerate, causing shedding of the stratum functionalis

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 15

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is most consistent in duration among women?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Question 16

A patient with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene is at increased risk for which two types of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Breast and ovarian cancer

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of estrogen during puberty in females?

Accepted Answer

Widening and lightening of the pelvis

Question 18

During oogenesis, what is the fate of the first polar body?

Accepted Answer

It degenerates and does not participate in fertilization

Question 19

Which ligament anchors the ovary medially to the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Ovarian ligament

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction requires meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half, preventing doubling in the zygote

Female Reproductive System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Hormonal Regulation

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