Question 1

Which of the following best describes the stage at which primary oocytes are arrested during a female's development?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I, before birth

Question 2

A woman in her reproductive years typically ovulates about 400-500 oocytes in her lifetime. Which process explains the significant reduction from the millions of oocytes present at birth?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis of primary follicles during childhood and puberty

Question 3

During the ovarian cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 4

If fertilization does NOT occur, what is the fate of the corpus luteum and how does this affect the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

It degenerates into the corpus albicans, progesterone levels fall, and menstruation begins

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why menarche (the first menstrual period) does not occur in extremely underweight girls?

Accepted Answer

Low levels of leptin prevent gonadotropin secretion

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for secreting progesterone and estrogen to maintain early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Question 7

A patient is found to have high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in her urine. What is the physiological significance of this finding?

Accepted Answer

hCG maintains the corpus luteum, keeping progesterone levels high

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the ovarian cycle phase with its main event?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation phase – Expulsion of the secondary oocyte from the ovary

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct effect of estrogen during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

Development of progesterone receptors in the endometrium

Question 10

A 30-year-old woman has regular cycles but fails to conceive. Her endometrial biopsy on day 21 shows a thin endometrium with few secretory glands. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one large gamete per cycle, while spermatogenesis produces millions of small gametes daily

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs ONLY if fertilization takes place?

Accepted Answer

Completion of meiosis II by the secondary oocyte

Question 13

During which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrial lining become highly secretory and capable of nourishing an embryo?

Accepted Answer

Secretory (post-ovulatory) phase

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the zona pellucida during follicle development?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates transfer of materials between oocyte and granulosa cells via microvilli

Question 15

A woman’s FSH and LH levels are persistently low during the secretory phase. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

High estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum inhibit the anterior pituitary

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why menopause occurs?

Accepted Answer

Follicles stop developing and no more ova are produced

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of estrogen on the skeletal system in females?

Accepted Answer

Reduces osteoclast activity, decreasing bone resorption

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the stratum basalis in the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

It forms the new stratum functionalis after menstruation

Question 19

A patient is taking a drug that blocks GnRH receptors in the anterior pituitary. What is the expected effect on her ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

FSH and LH secretion will decrease, inhibiting follicle development and ovulation

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique feature of the female sexual response compared to the male sexual response?

Accepted Answer

No refractory period, allowing for multiple orgasms

Female Reproductive System: Oogenesis, Follicle Development, and the Ovarian & Uterine Cycles 34

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