Question 1

Which of the following best describes the location of the ovaries in the female body?

Accepted Answer

Lateral to the uterus, within the pelvic cavity, anchored by ligaments

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Site of fertilization

Question 3

Which two major ligaments hold the ovaries in place?

Accepted Answer

Broad ligament and ovarian ligament

Question 4

During oogenesis, how many functional ovum are produced from one primary oocyte, and why?

Accepted Answer

One, because cytoplasm is unevenly divided, producing polar bodies

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis results in one mature ovum and polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces four functional sperm

Question 6

Which region of the uterine tube is typically the site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Ampulla

Question 7

Which sequence correctly outlines the phases of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Follicular phase → Ovulation → Luteal phase

Question 8

Which layer of the uterus is shed during menses, and what is the primary reason for bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Endometrium; due to constriction of spiral arteries causing tissue breakdown

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of primary ovarian follicles and estrogen production?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 10

What effect does progesterone have on the endometrium during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the endometrium to become highly vascular and glandular

Question 11

If pregnancy occurs, how is the corpus luteum maintained, and which hormone is responsible?

Accepted Answer

By human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the embryo

Question 12

Which of the following best describes endometriosis?

Accepted Answer

Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

Question 13

Which structure is NOT considered part of the vulva?

Accepted Answer

Vagina

Question 14

How are the clitoris and penis similar in structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Both contain erectile tissue and become engorged during sexual arousal

Question 15

Which hormone inhibits FSH secretion during the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Inhibin

Question 16

Which hormone surge triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

LH

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary effect of estrogen on the endometrium during the proliferative phase?

Accepted Answer

It causes the endometrium to thicken and regenerate

Question 18

Which hormone is NOT produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the flow of milk from production to release in the mammary gland?

Accepted Answer

Lobule → Lactiferous duct → Lactiferous sinus → Nipple

Question 20

A patient presents with amenorrhea. Which of the following best defines this condition?

Accepted Answer

Absence of menstruation

Female Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions