Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythropoietin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity, raising the risk of hypertension

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

During the cardiac cycle, which event is responsible for the first heart sound ('lub')?

Accepted Answer

Closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 5

A patient has a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$MAP = \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP) + DBP.$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 110$$ mmHg

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable?

Accepted Answer

They lack a basement membrane, allowing for easy entry of proteins and debris.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Production of plasma proteins

Question 8

A patient is exposed to a novel virus and develops immunity after recovering. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Natural active immunity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect in respiratory physiology?

Accepted Answer

Increased oxygen release from hemoglobin at low pH

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 11

A patient with a deficiency in helper T cells would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired antibody production

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$Hematocrit = \frac{Volume\ of\ RBCs}{Total\ Blood\ Volume} 	imes 100$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves?

Accepted Answer

To prevent backflow of blood due to low pressure

Question 15

A patient is given a vaccine containing inactivated virus particles. Which type of immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificial active immunity

Question 16

Which of the following is the main driving force for the movement of oxygen from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure gradient of oxygen

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the end-diastolic volume, the stronger the contraction

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the lymphatic system's role in cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

It returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, preventing edema.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating blood flow ($$F) $$using Poiseuille's law?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P 	imes r^4$}{8 \eta l}$$

Question 20

A patient with a mutation that prevents the production of functional MHC class II molecules would most likely have difficulty with which immune process?

Accepted Answer

Activation of helper T cells

Final Exam Review Guide: Blood, Heart, Blood Vessels, Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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