Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of body pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

$$\text{pH} = 6.1 + \log_{10} \left( \frac{[\text{HCO}_3^-]}{0.03 \times \text{PaCO}_2} \right)$$

Q: Which of the following is a major anion involved in acid-base balance and is regulated by the kidneys?

Bicarbonate (HCO\textsubscript{3}\textsuperscript{-})

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 2

A patient presents with serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L and symptoms of confusion and headache. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 3

Which of the following is a major cation found in extracellular fluid and is essential for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na	extsuperscript{+})

Question 4

A nurse is monitoring a patient receiving IV fluids. Which factor would NOT affect the flow rate of the IV infusion?

Accepted Answer

Type of IV solution

Question 5

A patient with chronic kidney disease is at risk for which acid-base imbalance due to decreased renal excretion of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Question 6

Which of the following intravenous solutions is considered isotonic and commonly used for fluid replacement?

Accepted Answer

Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)

Question 7

A patient with a serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of body pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = 6.1 + \log_{10} \left( \frac{[	ext{HCO}_3^-]}{0.03 	imes 	ext{PaCO}_2} ight)$$

Question 9

A patient with severe vomiting is most likely to develop which acid-base imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of colloid intravenous solutions?

Accepted Answer

Re-establish circulating volume and oncotic pressure

Question 11

A patient with a serum calcium level of 7.8 mg/dL is most likely to experience which clinical manifestation?

Accepted Answer

Tetany and positive Chvostek's sign

Question 12

Which of the following is the best indicator of a patient's overall fluid status?

Accepted Answer

Daily weight

Question 13

A patient with cirrhosis develops both ascites and peripheral edema. This is an example of which type of fluid imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Simultaneous fluid volume excess and deficit

Question 14

Which of the following is a major anion involved in acid-base balance and is regulated by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate (HCO	extsubscript{3}	extsuperscript{-})

Question 15

A nurse is caring for a patient with 3+ pitting edema in the feet, crackles in the lungs, and weight gain. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Fluid retention

Question 16

Which of the following is a complication associated with intravenous therapy that presents as redness, warmth, and pain along the vein?

Accepted Answer

Phlebitis

Question 17

A patient with a serum magnesium level of 2.5 mEq/L is most likely experiencing which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hypermagnesemia

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Increases renal water reabsorption to decrease plasma osmolality

Question 19

A patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter. Which complication should the nurse monitor for that is unique to TPN?

Accepted Answer

Rebound hypoglycemia

Question 20

A patient with a serum chloride level of 110 mEq/L is most likely experiencing which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hyperchloremia

Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: Structured Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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