Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a receptor in a homeostatic control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Detects changes in the internal or external environment.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to low blood calcium levels. Which homeostatic control mechanism is most likely activated to restore balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, increasing calcium absorption.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Labor contractions during childbirth.

Question 4

Given the following elements and their approximate percentages in the human body: O (65%), C (18%), H (10%), N (3%), which element is most critical for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a solution?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture with solute dissolved in solvent, such as glucose in blood.

Question 6

Which chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

A reaction in which $$AB \rightarrow A + B is $$best described as:

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 8

Which factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst (enzyme)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity and acts as a solvent and cushion.

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 5.9. Which of the following best describes its acidity?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 11

Which organic compound is the main energy source for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Form polar heads and nonpolar tails, creating a bilayer

Question 13

A protein with a primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A globular protein

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 15

Which cell junction allows for communication between adjacent cells by permitting the passage of small molecules?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 16

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly lyse

Question 17

Which type of membrane transport requires ATP and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, increasing reaction rates.

Question 20

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged in size.

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Homeostasis, Chemistry, and Cell Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards