$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

$$ O = \sum_{i} C_i \times n_i $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a constant internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting cascade during injury.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 4

Which property of water is most important for temperature regulation in biological organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 5

A patient is experiencing acidosis. Which buffer system is primarily responsible for maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes stabilize the transition state, reducing the energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 7

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 8

Which of the following is a monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of osmolarity ($$O) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$ O = \sum_{i} C_i 	imes n_i $$

Question 13

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with an osmolarity of 400 mOsm/L. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water leaving the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 15

Which type of transport requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It modulates membrane fluidity and stability.

Question 17

Which of the following is a polymer of glucose found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 18

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles by the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic interactions are important for protein folding?

Accepted Answer

They drive nonpolar amino acids to the interior of the protein, stabilizing its structure.

Question 20

A patient is unable to transport glucose into cells despite normal blood glucose levels. Which membrane protein is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporter (GLUT)

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Homeostasis, Chemistry, Cells, and Membranes

Study Guide - Practice Questions