Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of stable internal conditions such as temperature and pH despite external fluctuations.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely cellular response?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell as water enters by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to increase body temperature when it drops below normal.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to crenate. What can you infer about the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is hypertonic to the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between cells.

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in carrier proteins for facilitated diffusion would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inability to move substances down their concentration gradient without ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissue is avascular but can regenerate rapidly?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells rely on diffusion from underlying connective tissue and have a high mitotic rate.

Question 8

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes. Which tissue function would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical support and resistance to stretching.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of holocrine secretion?

Accepted Answer

Release of secretions when the whole cell bursts.

Question 10

A person is unable to synthesize sufficient ATP. Which type of membrane transport would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the peritoneum?

Accepted Answer

It lines and supports the abdominal organs.

Question 12

A patient with a deficiency in collagen would most likely have problems with which tissue function?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and strength in connective tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of layers in the digestive tract wall from innermost (lumen) to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the role of the parietal cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

They secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) to create an acidic environment.

Question 15

A patient has a blockage in the common bile duct. Which digestive process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats in the small intestine

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the duodenal ampulla?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where bile and pancreatic juice enter the small intestine.

Question 17

A patient with a damaged aponeurosis would most likely have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting muscle force to bones

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Rhythmic contractions of the muscularis externa to propel food along the tract

Question 19

A patient is unable to digest starch efficiently. Which enzyme is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and ribosomes.

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Organization, Membranes, Tissues, and Digestive System

Study Guide - Practice Questions