Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a placebo in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It provides a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental treatment.

Question 2

A researcher is testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The blood pressure measured after treatment

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving systems?

Accepted Answer

Ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates a negative feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 5

A graph shows a strong positive correlation between hours studied and exam scores. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

As hours studied increase, exam scores increase.

Question 6

Which of the following is a monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 7

Which process involves the removal of water to join two monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 8

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds due to which property?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 9

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H$$_{2}$$O \rightarrow 2C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel

Question 13

Which ions are moved by the sodium-potassium pump, and in which direction?

Accepted Answer

3 $$Na^+$$ out, 2 $$K^+ in$$

Question 14

Which type of microscope provides the greatest magnification and resolution for viewing internal cell structures?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in cells?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in ATP molecules, while kinetic energy is the movement of ions across membranes.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will maintain its normal shape and size.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 20

Which equation represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H$$_{2}$$O \rightarrow ADP + P_{i} + energy$$

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Scientific Method, Cell Structure, and Biological Chemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions