Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between negative and positive feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain equilibrium, while positive feedback intensifies the change until a specific outcome is reached.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a dangerously high fever. Which feedback mechanism is most likely responsible for the continued rise in body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback, which amplifies the fever response beyond normal limits.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Which level of organization is immediately more complex than a tissue?

Accepted Answer

Organ

Question 5

A person is found to have only one kidney instead of two. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anatomical variation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective coolant for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water has a strong resistance to temperature change due to its high specific heat.

Question 7

Which formula correctly represents the dissociation of sodium chloride in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}^+ + \mathrm{Cl}^-$$

Question 8

Which statement about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds share electrons unequally, resulting in partial charges.

Question 9

A solution is made by dissolving 10 g of glucose in 100 mL of water. Which term best describes this mixture?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced by breaking down glucose and is used for cellular energy.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 14

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It defines the outer boundary of the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to extracellular matrix and other cells

Question 17

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic fatty acid tails and hydrophilic phosphate heads

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion rate increases with higher temperature and greater membrane surface area.

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Study Notes

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