Question 1

Which principle explains why the structure of the heart's muscular walls is essential for its function of pumping blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Principle of complementarity

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water influx

Question 3

Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used to maintain stable blood glucose levels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and are reusable

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$$100 	imes$$

Question 6

Which organ system is primarily responsible for removing metabolic waste from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via specific proteins, without ATP

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution with higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What term describes this solution, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; cell shrinks

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the difference between osmolality and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmolality measures solute concentration; osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 11

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting CAMs (cell adhesion molecules) would most likely have problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring cells and attracting white blood cells during healing

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production (energy powerhouse)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the resting membrane potential (RMP) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

RMP is maintained mainly by potassium diffusion and the sodium-potassium pump

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins span the membrane and function in transport; peripheral proteins are surface proteins with enzymatic or structural roles

Question 17

Which of the following is true about acids and bases in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases; mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of exons and introns?

Accepted Answer

Exons contain instructions for making proteins and remain after splicing; introns are non-coding and are removed during RNA processing

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: The Human Body, Chemistry, and Cells

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