Q: According to the Central Dogma, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the Cell Theory as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Cells must replicate for life to exist, and all cells are connected by a common lineage.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which base pairs with cytosine (C)?

Accepted Answer

Guanine (G)

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new drug on cell growth. Which part of the scientific method is she performing when she applies the drug to a group of cells?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics of all organisms?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 5

According to the Central Dogma, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a control group in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The group used to compare the experimental group to, without the variable being tested.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 8

Which statement about prokaryotes and eukaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a nucleus and are usually multicellular.

Question 9

A researcher observes that a trait increases reproductive success in a given environment. According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, what is this trait called?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct definition of an independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The variable that is being controlled by the experimenter.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded molecule joined by interactions between pairs of bases.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why repeating an experiment is essential in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

It increases the reliability and validity of the results.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental nutritional need for organisms?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing sunlight to make carbohydrates.

Question 14

Which process allows DNA to be copied during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Base pairing between complementary strands

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to genes, while phenotype refers to physical traits.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a domain in taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A domain is the highest taxonomic rank, such as Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the arrangement of electrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons fill the innermost shell first, then the outer shells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct definition of fitness in the context of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Fitness is the ability to produce offspring.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Louis Pasteur’s experiment is correct?

Accepted Answer

All cells come from pre-existing cells, not spontaneously generated.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus.

Foundations of Biology: Cells, Molecules, and the Basis of Life

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