Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an atom and an ion?

Accepted Answer

An atom is electrically neutral, while an ion has gained or lost electrons and carries a charge.

Question 2

Which property of water is most important for regulating body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions without being consumed.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of protein structural organization from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 6

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to low sodium ion concentration in their blood. Which term best describes sodium in this context?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage and insulation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They create a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing water.

Question 14

Which type of membrane junction prevents substances from passing between cells, such as in the lining of the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 2 has a higher concentration of H$$^+$$ ions than a solution with pH 8.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+$$ against their concentration gradients using ATP

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are soluble in water and function as enzymes or hormones.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are important for plants?

Accepted Answer

They provide long-term energy storage in the form of starch.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best describes their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

pH $$\u003c 7.35$$

Foundations of Chemistry and Cell Biology in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions