Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds in biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon bonded to hydrogen, while inorganic compounds generally do not.

Question 2

Water is essential for life because it acts as a medium for metabolic reactions. Which property of water allows it to dissolve salts and conduct electrical currents in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve ionic compounds such as salts.

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of hydrochloric acid ($$HCl) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

$$HCl \rightarrow H^+ + Cl^-$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent large swings in pH when acids or bases are added to a solution.

Question 6

Which of the following is a polymer made up of monosaccharide monomers?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of hexosaminidase

Question 8

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following is the major component of cell membranes and is used to synthesize sex hormones?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 10

Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids. How many different amino acids are used to make proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

21

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot tolerate extreme temperature and pH swings?

Accepted Answer

Extreme conditions cause protein denaturation, disrupting hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions that stabilize protein structure.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$ADP + P_i \rightarrow ATP$$

Question 15

Which statement about DNA base pairing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about RNA is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine and the sugar ribose.

Question 17

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) is unable to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Which enzyme is deficient in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the human body?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main source of chemical energy in cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the major elements found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The human body is made up of only four major elements: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are considered healthier than saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds, are liquid at room temperature, and have positive effects on cardiovascular health.

Chapter 2

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