Question 1

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell and observes that it contains a double-layered nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and chromatin. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the cristae in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for ATP synthesis

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. What can be inferred about this cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It has a high demand for ATP

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances from high to low concentration without energy input

Question 6

Which membrane lipid is NOT a major component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of tubulin in a cell. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Assembly of ribosomes and protein synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding mitochondrial inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are inherited only from the mother

Question 10

A cell is observed to have many rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the sperm cell is the only flagellated cell in humans?

Accepted Answer

It requires locomotion to reach the female egg cell for fertilization

Question 12

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces gametes with 23 chromosomes each

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting actin production. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction and cell shape changes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Cell signaling and maintaining cell shape

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution where substances move from high to low concentration without energy input. Which type of transport is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol is the fluid portion, while cytoplasm includes the fluid and organelles except the nucleus

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace element present in tiny amounts in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 19

A researcher observes a cell with many cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of these cilia?

Accepted Answer

Moving waste materials such as dust and mucus away from the lungs

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging proteins and lipids

Fundamental Cell Structures and Elements in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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