Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has lost electrons and is positively charged, while an anion has gained electrons and is negatively charged.

Question 2

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most abundant elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 4

A molecule that contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a solution?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Question 6

A buffer system in blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing or binding hydrogen ions ($$H^+) to $$resist changes in pH.

Question 7

What is the expected normal pH of human blood?

Accepted Answer

$$7.4$$

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct definition of a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A large molecule made by joining many monomers together.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with two fatty acid tails, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy for long-term use.

Question 11

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 12

How is glycogen used in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 14

Which of the following base pairs is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine–Guanine

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 16

A patient is found to have a blood pH of $$7.1. $$Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a protein function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transporting molecules such as oxygen (e.g., hemoglobin).

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a good solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 20

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-8}$$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions