Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It contains more $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than $$\mathrm{OH^-}$$ ions and is considered acidic.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water has a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of a protein into amino acids by the addition of water.

Question 5

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.2. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small molecules that join together to form larger molecules called polymers.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct complementary DNA sequence for the strand $$5'	ext{-}ATCG-3'$$?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TAGC-5'$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the base thymine, while RNA contains the base uracil.

Question 12

Which of the following is produced when ADP is phosphorylated during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a hydrophobic compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound that repels water and does not dissolve in it.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

The secondary structure of a protein includes alpha helices and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonding.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to the reactions they catalyze?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme’s active site matches only specific substrates.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They form the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of anabolism?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}}$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the normal pH range of human blood?

Accepted Answer

The normal pH range of blood is 7.35–7.45, which is slightly basic.

Fundamental Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology: Atoms, Molecules, and Biochemistry

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