Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the rate of diffusion ($$R) $$given the surface area ($$A$$), concentration gradient ($$ riangle C$$), and membrane permeability ($$P$$)?

$$R = A \times P \times \triangle C$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct conversion from milligrams to grams?

$$1 \text{ mg} = 0.001 \text{ g}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct conversion from centimeters to millimeters?

$$1 \text{ cm} = 10 \text{ mm}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis in human cells?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water will enter the cell due to osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the rate of diffusion ($$R) $$given the surface area ($$A$$), concentration gradient ($$	riangle C$$), and membrane permeability ($$P$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = A 	imes P 	imes 	riangle C$$

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

A scientist wants to measure the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity. Which variable is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The rate of enzyme activity

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins.

Question 7

If a solution has a solute concentration of 0.9% NaCl, which term best describes its tonicity relative to human red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct conversion from milligrams to grams?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ mg} = 0.001 	ext{ g}$$

Question 9

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink due to water leaving the cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines the independent variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

The variable that is deliberately changed by the experimenter.

Question 11

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

A solution contains 5 grams of NaCl dissolved in 500 mL of water. What is the concentration in $$	ext{g/L}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	ext{ g/L}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and breakdown of cellular waste

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct conversion from centimeters to millimeters?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ cm} = 10 	ext{ mm}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of filtration in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes from the blood into the nephron due to pressure gradients.

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct conversion from kilograms to grams?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ kg} = 1000 	ext{ g}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 19

A scientist is testing the effect of pH on enzyme activity. She keeps the temperature and substrate concentration constant. What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

pH

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward.

Fundamental Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology: Cells, Diffusion, Osmosis, and Measurement

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