$$\text{Mass number} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A person is sitting on a couch and then stands up to walk across the room. Which type of energy transformation primarily occurs during this process?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 4

Which state of matter in the human body has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

Accepted Answer

Liquid

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy being converted to kinetic energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

ATP is broken down during muscle contraction, allowing movement.

Question 6

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 8, Mass number = 16

Question 7

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of body mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 8

What is the correct formula to calculate the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 9

Which property of elements is most important for predicting how atoms will interact in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Chemical properties such as bonding behavior

Question 10

A molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$contains how many atoms in total?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 11

Which model best represents the behavior of electrons in an atom for predicting chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Orbital model

Question 12

If you have 1 mole of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$), how many molecules do you have?

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

Which type of energy is directly involved in moving matter, such as when you ride a bicycle?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 16

What is the charge of a proton, and where is it located in the atom?

Accepted Answer

Positive charge, located in the nucleus

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are not 100% efficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during conversions.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the atomic structure of hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

It has one proton and one electron, but no neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between matter and energy?

Accepted Answer

Matter and energy are inseparable; energy is the mover of matter.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in living systems?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main form of chemical energy used to do cellular work.

Fundamental Concepts of Matter, Energy, and Atomic Structure in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions