$$\text{Total Magnification} = \text{Eyepiece Magnification} \times \text{Objective Magnification}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main parts of a typical animal cell and their general functions?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane (controls entry/exit), cytoplasm (site of metabolic reactions), nucleus (contains genetic material)

Question 2

Which statement correctly distinguishes cytosol from cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, excluding organelles and inclusions.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 4

According to the fluid mosaic model, which component is primarily responsible for the selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution containing 30% salt. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water moving out by osmosis into the hypertonic solution.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the calculation of total magnification in light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Magnification} = 	ext{Eyepiece Magnification} 	imes 	ext{Objective Magnification}$$

Question 7

Which organelle is the major site of ATP synthesis via aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase → S phase → G2 phase → Mitosis → Cytokinesis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase reads each strand and arranges complementary free nucleotides.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Collecting, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion occurs directly through the phospholipid bilayer, while facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A codon consists of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that code for one amino acid.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division due to lack of inhibition of oncogene action

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of the cytoskeleton in cellular motion?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and enables movement through actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with lower solute concentration to one with higher solute concentration

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The cell makes a copy of a gene in the form of mRNA using DNA as a template.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of secondary active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of glucose in the intestine coupled with sodium transport

Fundamental Principles of Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Cell

Study Guide - Practice Questions