Q: Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around multiple axons in the CNS.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of voluntary motor control but retains involuntary reflexes. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic Nervous System

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$$

Question 4

Which glial cell type is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 5

During the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon, what is the primary advantage of saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

It allows the action potential to 'jump' from node to node, increasing conduction velocity.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around $$-70 mV$$?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to $$K^+$$ than $$Na^+$$, and $$K^+$$ leaks out of the cell.

Question 7

A patient with damage to the Broca's area of the cerebral cortex would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing spoken language

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily degraded by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus in the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Relay station for sensory input to the cerebral cortex

Question 10

If a drug blocks voltage-gated $$Na^+$$ channels, what effect would this have on neuronal action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials would not be generated because depolarization would be prevented.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They regulate nutrient exchange, support neurons, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in amplitude with distance from the stimulus.

Question 13

A patient is unable to recall recent memories but can remember events from childhood. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 14

Which of the following correctly matches the neurotransmitter with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate: major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of multipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have many dendrites and one axon.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the effect of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It restricts the passage of many substances from the blood into the brain.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

It coordinates motor activity and balance.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of opening ligand-gated $$Cl^-$$ channels on a postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

Question 20

A patient with Huntington's disease is most likely to show degeneration in which brain region?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

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