Q: Which of the following equations best represents the composition of bone matrix?

$$ Ca$$^{2+}$$ + PO_4$^{3-} + \text{collagen fibers} + \text{organic components} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent materials from passing between adjacent cells by forming a partial fusion of specific proteins on the lateral surface of the cell membrane.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of desmosomes. Which tissue would most likely be affected, and what symptom might result?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue; increased risk of skin blistering due to reduced cell adhesion

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contains a large amount of extracellular matrix

Question 4

A gland that secretes its product directly into the bloodstream is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland

Question 5

Which type of epithelial tissue is best adapted for rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium; lining of blood vessels and alveoli

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, while bone is highly vascular.

Question 7

A tissue sample shows loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers, a high proportion of ground substance, and many fibroblasts. Which type of connective tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Loose areolar connective tissue

Question 8

Which of the following equations best represents the composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$ Ca$$^{2+}$$ + PO_4$^{3-} + 	ext{collagen fibers} + 	ext{organic components} $$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions to flow between cells, enabling synchronized contraction.

Question 10

A biopsy reveals a tissue with multiple layers of flat, squished cells at the surface. Which tissue type is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium; protection

Question 11

Which connective tissue type is characterized by a matrix with abundant collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue; tendons and ligaments

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of pseudostratified epithelium in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Secretion and movement of mucus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into cavities; endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis of the skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection against abrasion and pathogens.

Question 15

A tissue sample contains chondrocytes located in lacunae and a matrix rich in collagen fibers. Which tissue is this, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage; provides flexible support and reduces friction in joints

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the composition of blood as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells suspended in a fluid matrix called plasma

Question 17

Which muscle tissue type is responsible for voluntary movements and is characterized by striations?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 18

A patient with a mutation affecting the production of collagen would most likely have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of glial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support and protect neurons

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the components of connective tissue matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Matrix} = 	ext{Fibers} + 	ext{Ground Substance} $$

Fundamentals of Histology and Tissue Types: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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