Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

$$\text{Neutron number} = \text{Atomic mass} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an element and a compound in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Question 2

A sodium atom has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. How many neutrons does a sodium atom have?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 4

Which chemical reaction type is represented by the equation $$AB \rightarrow A + B$$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 5

A patient is given a medication to neutralize excess stomach acid. Which process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A base is added to an acidic solution, resulting in neutralization.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Neutron number} = 	ext{Atomic mass} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in blood?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent drastic changes in blood pH by accepting or donating H+ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid's structure?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with a pH greater than 7 is basic (alkaline).

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid: nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct representation of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom of another molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis is the breakdown of biomolecules using water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The secondary structure refers to repeating patterns such as alpha helices and beta sheets.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AC + BD$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a major element in the human body, collectively composing about 99% of body weight?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that stores excess glucose in liver and skeletal muscle.

CH 2: Atoms, Ions, & Molecules

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