Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of voluntary muscle control but retains involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 3

Which structural component of a neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 4

Which type of neuroglia forms myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

A nerve is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter contains primarily myelinated axons

Question 7

Which of the following equations best represents the speed increase of impulse conduction due to myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v_{myelinated} \approx 150\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 8

Which glial cell type is most responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 9

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing demyelination in the CNS. Which cell type is being targeted by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a monosynaptic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the components of a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why neurons have a high metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

They require abundant oxygen and glucose to maintain ion gradients for action potentials

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of Schwann cell wraps and axon diameter in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{wraps} \propto d_{axon}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the regeneration of axons after injury?

Accepted Answer

Axon regeneration is possible in the PNS but limited in the CNS due to inhibitory factors

Question 16

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node along myelinated axons

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons and are involved in integration within the CNS

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a polysynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal of a hand from a hot surface

Fundamentals of Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Chapter 12 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards