Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between a tract and a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A tract is a bundle of neuron processes in the CNS, while a nerve is a bundle in the PNS.

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

A rare neuron type found in the retina and olfactory mucosa, characterized by one axon and one dendrite, is called:

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They regulate exchanges between capillaries and neurons.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron classification and function?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons: transmit impulses toward the CNS

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why gray matter appears darker than white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains more neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers.

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms is mainly responsible for maintaining a neuron's resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions by the sodium-potassium pump and selective permeability of the membrane

Question 10

A patient with bacterial meningitis is able to recover due to the action of which neuroglial cell that phagocytizes microorganisms and debris?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cell

Question 11

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated channel

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while ganglia are clusters in the PNS.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They form cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's cavities.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons that distinguishes them from neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are electrically excitable and conduct impulses.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structural classification of the most common neuron type in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the location of gray and white matter in the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is on the surface of the brain and central region of the spinal cord; white matter is deeper in the brain and outer in the spinal cord.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS and aid in nerve regeneration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the membrane is negative relative to the outside.

Question 20

Which type of neuron is most likely to be found in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) sensory neuron

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards