Question 1

Which of the following best describes the integrative function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Processing sensory information and making decisions about appropriate responses

Question 2

Which of the following correctly matches a structural division of the nervous system with its components?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions

Question 3

A neuron has a cell body, dendrites, and a single long axon. What is the primary function of the axon?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical impulses away from the cell body

Question 4

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

A patient has a lesion affecting the dorsal root ganglia. Which of the following best describes a ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system, while a tract is a bundle of axons in the central nervous system

Question 7

Which of the following membrane ion channels opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 8

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$Which of the following best explains this value?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than sodium ions, and the sodium-potassium pump maintains the gradient

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

End-plate potential at the neuromuscular junction

Question 10

Which statement best distinguishes between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in strength with distance, while action potentials do not

Question 11

During the generation of an action potential, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Sodium channels open, allowing $$Na^+ to $$enter the cell

Question 12

A neuron is unable to generate another action potential, no matter how strong the stimulus. This describes which period?

Accepted Answer

Absolute refractory period

Question 13

Saltatory conduction is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 14

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness due to demyelination. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination prevents saltatory conduction, slowing or blocking nerve impulses

Question 15

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens and debris in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps $$3\ Na^+$$ out and $$2\ K^+ in$$, maintaining the negative resting potential

Question 17

A neuron receives multiple subthreshold stimuli in rapid succession, resulting in an action potential. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the functional classification of a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron that carries impulses toward the CNS

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be generated

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue (Chapter 11) – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions