Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three basic functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers from muscle weakness and loss of coordination due to demyelination in the central nervous system. Which glial cell is most likely affected, and what disease does this scenario describe?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes; Multiple Sclerosis

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the neuroglia with its primary function in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes – support neurons and regulate the chemical environment

Question 4

A researcher is tracing the path of a nerve impulse from the skin to the brain. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for carrying this information?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 5

Which of the following best differentiates a nucleus from a ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while a ganglion is a cluster in the PNS.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the formation of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

In the CNS, oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath; in the PNS, Schwann cells form it.

Question 7

A neuron transmits an action potential from its cell body to the axon terminal. Which process is responsible for this movement, and what is released at the terminal?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport; neurotransmitters

Question 8

Which of the following neuron types is most commonly found in the human body and is characterized by one axon and many dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 9

A person is startled by a loud noise, causing an immediate increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Nodes of Ranvier in neural conduction?

Accepted Answer

They allow for saltatory conduction, speeding up action potential transmission.

Question 11

A patient has damage to the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory information to the CNS

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a glial cell and its function in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells – form myelin and aid in axon regeneration

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle in the CNS.

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

A reflex arc in the spinal cord that connects sensory and motor neurons

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons that distinguishes them from most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

They are long-lived and mostly non-dividing (amitotic).

Question 16

A scientist is studying the movement of waste products from the axon terminal back to the neuron's cell body. Which type of axonal transport is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport

Question 17

Which of the following neuron types is most likely to be found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neurons

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It controls involuntary actions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 19

A person is digesting a meal and their heart rate is decreasing. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division of the ANS

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why neurons require a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose?

Accepted Answer

They have a high metabolic rate to maintain membrane potentials and signal transmission.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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