Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na+/K+ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in, maintaining a negative charge inside the cell.

Question 2

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves and in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Na+ moves into the cell.

Question 3

A patient receives an epidural injection for pain management. Which meningeal space is targeted, and how does this differ from a spinal tap?

Accepted Answer

Epidural targets the epidural space; spinal tap targets the subarachnoid space.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelinated axons compared to unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons conduct signals faster due to saltatory conduction at the nodes of Ranvier.

Question 5

Which brain region is responsible for integrating sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cortex?

Accepted Answer

Diencephalon

Question 6

A lesion in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord would most likely affect which type of information?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the neuron region with its function?

Accepted Answer

Cell body (soma): integrates incoming signals

Question 8

The threshold for triggering an action potential is typically around which membrane potential value?

Accepted Answer

$$-55\ 	ext{mV}$$

Question 9

Which embryonic brain region gives rise to the cerebral hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Telencephalon

Question 10

A neurotransmitter binds to a chemically-gated channel on the postsynaptic neuron. What is the immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

The channel opens in response to ligand binding, allowing ions to flow.

Question 11

Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 12

Which pathway carries fine touch and proprioceptive information to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the distribution of grey and white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Grey matter is central, white matter is peripheral.

Question 14

A patient has damage to Broca’s area. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Speech production

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)?

Accepted Answer

ACh always causes depolarization leading to muscle contraction.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of decussation in spinal tracts?

Accepted Answer

Fibers cross from one side of the CNS to the other.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the organization of the motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

The premotor cortex plans movements before execution.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps in the myelin sheath that allow for rapid signal conduction.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes lateralization in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Certain functions are specialized to one hemisphere.

Question 20

Which equation best represents the calculation of the membrane potential using ion concentrations?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{	ext{ion}} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Central Nervous System: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions