Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which sequence correctly describes the flow of information in the nervous system for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 3

Which structure is NOT part of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerves

Question 4

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists mainly of:

Accepted Answer

Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Which division of the PNS conveys impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory fibers

Question 6

Which neuroglia cell type is most abundant in the CNS and helps maintain the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 7

Which neuroglia cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiences slowed nerve impulse conduction. This is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 9

Which equation best represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

They conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons

Question 11

Which cell type in the PNS is essential for regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is released at neuromuscular junctions and degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytizing microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 14

Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system and involves neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

Chemical synapse

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is associated with 'fight or flight' responses?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They shuttle signals through CNS pathways and are involved in integration

Question 17

A patient is given a local anesthetic during a dental procedure. The numbness is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Blocking of voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decay as they spread from the site of stimulation

Question 19

Which equation best describes the Nernst potential for potassium ions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The CNS interprets sensory input and dictates motor output

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards