Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates and interprets sensory input and dictates motor output.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of efferent signals. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

The ability to move skeletal muscles voluntarily.

Question 3

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly found in the CNS and is responsible for integrating sensory and motor information?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

A patient presents with muscle weakness and slowed reflexes. Demyelination is observed in peripheral nerves. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They form the blood-brain barrier and regulate neurotransmitter levels.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of a nerve impulse along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and synapses, while white matter contains myelinated axons.

Question 9

A reflex arc is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A chain of neurons responsible for rapid, automatic motor responses to stimuli.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a simple somatic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing debris and pathogens.

Question 12

Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Axodendritic

Question 13

Which of the following statements about neurons is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are capable of mitosis throughout life.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS.

Question 15

A patient is unable to feel pain or temperature in their hand after a nerve injury. Which functional division of the PNS is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory division

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the integration center in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It consists of one or more synapses in the CNS.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin prevents leakage of electrical current and allows saltatory conduction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effector organs.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions