Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and loss of coordination. An MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s law as it applies to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily established by the differential permeability of the membrane to $$K^+$$ and $$Na^+$$ ions.

Question 5

A graded potential is most likely to occur in which part of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites and cell body

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are unidirectional along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents the action potential from traveling backward.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the chemical environment around neurons

Question 8

A patient is given a local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated $$Na^+$$ channels. What is the most immediate effect on the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be generated.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node along myelinated axons.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released at neuromuscular junctions and degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

A neuron receives two EPSPs in rapid succession from the same presynaptic neuron. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 12

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase) in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 $$Na^+$$ ions out and 2 $$K^+$$ ions in per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, making an action potential less likely.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron – major type in CNS, functions as interneuron or motor neuron

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct (fast) acting neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to demyelination?

Accepted Answer

Slowed or blocked nerve impulse conduction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing debris and pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of graded potentials but NOT action potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in magnitude with distance from the stimulus.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the integration of synaptic inputs in a postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Both EPSPs and IPSPs can summate, and only if threshold is reached will an action potential be generated.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards