Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and communicate sensory and motor information throughout the body

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the motor (efferent) division of their peripheral nervous system. Which symptom would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Inability to move skeletal muscles voluntarily

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell type in the central nervous system is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s Law as applied to the movement of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 5

A virus damages the axon terminals of motor neurons. Which process is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular space

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump

Question 7

Which structural class of neuron is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 8

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting Schwann cells. Which nervous system division is most likely impacted?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosing microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the rapid transmission of action potentials along myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 11

If the resistance across a neuronal membrane increases, what happens to the current, assuming voltage remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Current decreases

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the chemical environment around neurons

Question 13

Which type of neuron is most likely to be found in the retina of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receive incoming signals and convey graded potentials toward the cell body

Question 15

A patient presents with impaired voluntary movement but normal autonomic function. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier via saltatory conduction

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of potential difference (voltage) between two points in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about gated ion channels in neuronal membranes?

Accepted Answer

They open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

Question 19

Which neuroglial cell type lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal column and helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 20

A patient has damage to the sensory (afferent) division of their peripheral nervous system. Which symptom would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Loss of ability to perceive touch and pain

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions