Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate within the body using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the dorsal body cavity, specifically affecting the brain and spinal cord. Which division of the nervous system is primarily impacted?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

Which neuroglia cell type in the CNS is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

To form myelin sheaths around peripheral nerve fibers

Question 5

Which of the following statements about neurons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons require continuous supply of oxygen and glucose due to their high metabolic rate

Question 6

A nerve impulse travels from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminal. Which process describes the movement of molecules away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin electrically insulates the axon, allowing action potentials to jump between gaps (nodes of Ranvier)

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as applied to neuronal membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 9

A neuron is at rest with a membrane potential of approximately $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$What causes the inside of the cell to be negative relative to the outside?

Accepted Answer

Presence of negatively charged proteins inside the cell and higher permeability to K$$^+$$

Question 10

During an action potential, what event occurs at the threshold potential (approximately $$-55 to$$ $$-50\ \mathrm{mV}$$)?

Accepted Answer

All voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open, causing rapid depolarization

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decay over distance, while action potentials do not

Question 12

A patient is exposed to a neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal signaling?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will be unable to initiate, preventing nerve impulse transmission

Question 13

Which type of neuron is most abundant in the human body and is responsible for integrating information within the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Interneurons (association neurons)

Question 14

If a neuron undergoes hyperpolarization, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the membrane becomes more negative than the resting potential, making activation harder

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting state → Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump after an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It restores ionic conditions by moving Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell

Question 17

A patient presents with loss of voluntary muscle control but retains involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding membrane ion channels?

Accepted Answer

Leakage channels are always open, allowing ions to move passively

Question 19

A neuron receives a strong stimulus that opens gated ion channels, resulting in a localized depolarization. What type of signal is this?

Accepted Answer

Graded potential

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the CNS has limited ability to regenerate damaged neurons compared to the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes inhibit axonal regrowth, while Schwann cells promote regeneration in the PNS

Ch 11 A - Nerves and Neuroglia and Intro to Action Potentials

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