Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports three $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ ions out and two $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ ions in, maintaining a negative charge inside the cell.

Question 2

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is called a:

Accepted Answer

Nerve

Question 3

Which glial cell is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves rapidly into the neuron, causing the membrane potential to become more positive?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na^+}$$

Question 5

According to Ohm's law, what happens to the current ($$I) if $$the resistance ($$R) $$increases while the voltage ($$V) $$remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Current decreases

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a neuron is more negative than the outside at rest?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ than $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$, so more $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ diffuses out

Question 7

A graded potential differs from an action potential in that:

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decay with distance, while action potentials do not

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated, regardless of stimulus strength

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of chemically gated ion channels at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

They open when a neurotransmitter binds, allowing ions to flow and generate a postsynaptic potential

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a neurotoxin that uses retrograde axonal transport to reach the cell body. Which of the following best describes retrograde transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances from the axon terminal toward the cell body

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's law as applied to neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely result in hyperpolarization of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Opening of chemically gated $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ channels

Question 13

Which of the following is a collection of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 14

If a neuron is stimulated at a subthreshold level, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

A graded potential is generated, but no action potential occurs

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why action potentials propagate without decrement along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channels regenerate the action potential at each segment of the axon

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

They result from simultaneous influx of $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and efflux of $$\mathrm{K^+}$$, causing local depolarization

Question 17

Which of the following would increase the frequency of action potentials generated by a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the strength of the stimulus above threshold

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting state → Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons and increases the speed of action potential conduction

Question 20

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences demyelination of CNS axons. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards