Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It interprets sensory input and dictates motor output based on past experiences, reflexes, and current conditions.

Question 2

A patient presents with a loss of myelination in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as it applies to the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential that vary in magnitude depending on stimulus strength.

Question 5

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) from different presynaptic neurons at the same time. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents the neuron from firing another action potential in the region just behind the advancing AP.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Recycle and recapture neurotransmitters

Question 8

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. If $$the membrane potential becomes $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle but inhibitory in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one myelin sheath gap (node of Ranvier) to the next, increasing conduction velocity.

Question 11

Which structural class of neuron is most common in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 12

Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is responsible for monitoring neuron health and can transform into a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It pumps 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in, helping establish the resting membrane potential.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; ganglia are clusters in the PNS.

Question 15

A patient has damage to Schwann cells. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct action of a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Binding directly to and opening ion channels, causing rapid changes in membrane potential

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths electrically insulate the axon and allow action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated, regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 19

Which pattern of neural processing is responsible for higher-level mental functioning, such as associating a smell with a memory?

Accepted Answer

Parallel processing

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on a neuron?

Accepted Answer

They hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane, decreasing the probability of an action potential.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue (Chapter 11 Part A) - Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards