Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which sequence correctly describes the nervous system’s response?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 3

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell type is most abundant in the CNS and plays a key role in supporting neuronal activity and regulating the extracellular environment?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 5

Which neuroglial cell in the CNS is primarily responsible for forming myelin sheaths around nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

A patient presents with a viral infection that has entered the nervous system via retrograde axonal transport. Which of the following viruses is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Polio virus

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of Schwann cells ($$n) $$and the number of myelinated axons ($$a) in $$the PNS, assuming each Schwann cell myelinates one axon?

Accepted Answer

$$n = a$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytizing microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 10

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They circulate cerebrospinal fluid by beating their cilia

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of action potential initiation

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of impulse transmission ($$v) $$and the presence of myelin ($$m$$), where $$m = 1$$ for myelinated and $$m = 0$$ for unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

$$v = v_0$ + k \cdot m$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron classification and function?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons: transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward CNS

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why neurons have a high metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

They require continuous supply of oxygen and glucose for impulse transmission

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; ganglia are in the PNS

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Receive incoming signals and convey them toward the cell body as graded potentials

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight'; parasympathetic division conserves energy and promotes 'rest and digest'

Question 20

A researcher is studying the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers. Which cell type is most vital for this process?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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