Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate body activities by transmitting electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

The nervous system is divided structurally into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Which of the following correctly identifies the components of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

A neuron consists of three main structural components. Which component is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

A specialized junction where a neuron communicates with another cell, consisting of a presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct structural classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons

Question 6

Which neuroglia cell type is found exclusively in the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for forming myelin sheaths?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 7

What is the primary function of myelin sheaths in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

To insulate axons and increase the speed of electrical impulse conduction

Question 8

Gray matter in the central nervous system primarily consists of:

Accepted Answer

Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

Question 9

Which of the following best defines a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the PNS surrounded by connective tissue

Question 10

The structural link between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) is provided by:

Accepted Answer

Nerves that connect to the spinal cord and brain

Question 11

A reflex arc consists of several basic components. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of components in a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes a monosynaptic reflex from a polysynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic reflexes have a single synapse between sensory and motor neurons, while polysynaptic reflexes involve one or more interneurons and multiple synapses

Question 13

Interneurons play a critical role in the central nervous system. Which of the following best describes their function?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons, allowing for integration and processing of information

Question 14

A patient suffers from multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages myelin sheaths in the CNS. Which cell type is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse conduction ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination ($$m) in a $$simplified model?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot d \cdot m$$

Question 16

If a neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ 	ext{mV}$$ and receives a stimulus that depolarizes the membrane to $$-55\ 	ext{mV}$$, what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

An action potential will be generated

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron relaying information from a skin receptor to the CNS

Question 18

Which neuroglia cell type is responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens and debris in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 19

A nerve is composed of multiple fascicles. Each fascicle is surrounded by which connective tissue layer?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why white matter appears white in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

It is composed primarily of myelinated axons, and myelin is rich in lipids

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards