Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient is unable to consciously move their right arm, but involuntary muscle contractions still occur. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Support and brace neurons, regulate exchanges between capillaries and neurons, and control the chemical environment

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 6

A neuron has one axon and two or more dendrites. According to structural classification, this neuron is:

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 7

Which of the following statements about graded potentials is correct?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials are short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential that decay with distance

Question 8

If the resting membrane potential of a neuron is $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ and it depolarizes to $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the membrane has become less negative, increasing the probability of an action potential

Question 9

Which type of neuroglial cell is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 10

A patient has damage to the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory information to the CNS

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS and assist in axon regeneration

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron type and function?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons: transmit impulses toward the CNS

Question 13

A patient presents with a loss of rapid, coordinated muscle movements. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why graded potentials decay with distance?

Accepted Answer

Current is lost through the 'leaky' plasma membrane, causing the voltage to decline with distance from the stimulus

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of microorganisms and neuronal debris in the CNS

Question 16

A neuron receives a stimulus that opens gated ion channels, resulting in a localized depolarization. What type of signal is this?

Accepted Answer

Graded potential

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists mainly of myelinated fibers, while gray matter consists mostly of neuron cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A person’s heart rate increases and pupils dilate when startled by a loud noise

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the integration function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It processes and interprets sensory input and decides on a response

Question 20

A neuron is classified as unipolar. Which of the following is most likely true about this neuron?

Accepted Answer

It has a single T-like process and is typically a sensory neuron

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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