Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To monitor, integrate, and respond to information about internal and external environments

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell in the CNS is responsible for forming the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

A patient presents with rapid, involuntary muscle contractions. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Convulsion

Question 4

Which equation represents Ohm’s Law as applied to the movement of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 5

During the action potential, which event occurs immediately after depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why saltatory conduction is faster than continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 7

Which structure is NOT part of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ ATPase pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in per cycle

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)?

Accepted Answer

A graded depolarization that increases the likelihood of an action potential

Question 10

A muscle fiber is stimulated at a frequency that does not allow complete relaxation between stimuli, resulting in a sustained contraction. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Tetanic contraction

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sliding-filament mechanism of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

It is a group of muscle fibers innervated by a single neuron

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, velocity, and duration in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$P = F 	imes v$$

Question 15

Which of the following is the immediate energy source for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 16

A neuron receives multiple inputs from different presynaptic neurons at the same time, resulting in a combined effect. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 17

Which of the following muscle fiber types is best suited for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions

Question 20

A patient is unable to maintain muscle contraction after prolonged activity. Which factor is most likely contributing to muscular fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Muscles: Study Guide

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