Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for metabolism

Question 2

Which structural division of the nervous system is responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is found exclusively in the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for forming myelin sheaths?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system

Question 5

A patient presents with demyelination in the central nervous system. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier

Question 7

Which membrane ion channel is primarily responsible for the rapid depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channel

Question 8

Which equation best describes the calculation of the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{m} = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the importance of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction by allowing saltatory conduction.

Question 10

A neuron is at rest. Which ions are most responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Potassium and sodium

Question 11

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for phagocytosis in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the functional division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A person moves their hand away from a hot stove (somatic motor response)

Question 13

Which type of membrane ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It is established by the differential distribution of ions across the membrane and selective permeability to potassium.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a location where ependymal cells are found?

Accepted Answer

Covering the axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 16

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing muscle weakness. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction along myelinated axons

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the location and function of satellite cells?

Accepted Answer

Found in the peripheral nervous system; regulate the environment around neuron cell bodies

Question 18

Which of the following is a multi-step process involved in the formation of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes extend processes that wrap around axons, forming multiple layers of membrane

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential is negative?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions, which diffuse out of the cell, leaving behind negatively charged proteins.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology (ch.11 part 1 _SG)

Study Guide - Practice Questions