Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling and communicating information within the body

Question 2

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for carrying impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Sensory afferent division

Question 3

Astrocytes are a type of neuroglia that perform which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies and guide migration of young neurons

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the structure and function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and it electrically insulates fibers from one another

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents Ohm's Law as applied to neurophysiology?

Accepted Answer

$$I = V \div R$$

Question 6

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$What is the primary cause of this resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Different concentrations of Na$$^+$$, K$$^+$$, and protein anions (A$$^-) $$across the membrane

Question 7

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open, allowing Na$$^+ to $$enter the cell

Question 8

Which of the following best explains saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction velocity

Question 9

Multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily affects which structure, leading to symptoms such as visual disturbances and muscle weakness?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 10

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released at the neuromuscular junction and degraded by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

A patient is experiencing rapid, repetitive muscle contractions. Which property of action potentials allows for this high frequency of neural signaling?

Accepted Answer

Relative refractory period

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

It restores resting ionic conditions after an action potential by actively transporting Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+ in$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that decrease in intensity with distance

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

They cause the postsynaptic membrane to become more negative, reducing the likelihood of an action potential

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' phenomenon of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials either happen completely or not at all once threshold is reached

Question 16

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as a biogenic amine and is involved in emotional behavior and the biological clock?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 17

A neuron receives simultaneous EPSPs from multiple presynaptic neurons. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 18

Which of the following correctly describes the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 19

Which of the following is a peptide neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of pain signals?

Accepted Answer

Substance P

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why conduction velocity is faster in myelinated axons compared to unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons allow action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, reducing the number of sites where depolarization must occur

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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