Na\textsuperscript{+} outside, K\textsuperscript{+} inside

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]} \right)$$

Question 1

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating motor output?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nerves. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired formation of myelin in the peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Which glial cell is primarily responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

During the resting membrane potential, which ions are predominantly found outside and inside the neuron, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Na	extsuperscript{+} outside, K	extsuperscript{+} inside

Question 5

Which process describes the movement of an action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 6

A toxin blocks voltage-gated Na	extsuperscript{+} channels in neurons. What phase of the action potential would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter type is most likely to be involved in rapid synaptic transmission in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 8

If a neuron is hyperpolarized, which of the following best describes its membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It is more negative than the resting potential

Question 9

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 10

A patient has a loss of sensation in their skin but retains muscle movement. Which division of the peripheral nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory division

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acting as immune defense cells

Question 12

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]} ight)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division increases heart rate, while parasympathetic division decreases it.

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for transmitting the action potential away from the neuron's cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 15

A patient is unable to produce cerebrospinal fluid. Which glial cell type is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the synapse?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where neurotransmitters are released to communicate between neurons.

Question 17

Which type of neuron is most likely to conduct impulses the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A neurons

Question 18

Which of the following neurotransmitter types is most likely to be involved in mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Biogenic amines

Question 19

Which process restores the membrane potential to its resting state after an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization

Question 20

A patient presents with muscle weakness and slowed nerve conduction velocity. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath formation

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions