Q: A neuron at rest has a membrane potential primarily established by which of the following mechanisms?

Active transport of Na\textsuperscript{+} out and K\textsuperscript{+} in via the Na\textsuperscript{+}/K\textsuperscript{+} pump

Q: During an action potential, which sequence of events occurs first?

Opening of voltage-gated Na\textsuperscript{+} channels

Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, with the peripheral nervous system further subdivided into somatic and autonomic systems.

Question 2

Which type of glial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential primarily established by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of Na	extsuperscript{+} out and K	extsuperscript{+} in via the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} pump

Question 4

During an action potential, which sequence of events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated Na	extsuperscript{+} channels

Question 5

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$

Question 6

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences slowed nerve conduction. Which anatomical change is most directly responsible for this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination of axons

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why an action potential is considered 'all-or-none'?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, the action potential always occurs with the same magnitude.

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 9

A lesion in Broca's area of the brain would most likely result in which clinical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing spoken language

Question 10

Which structure is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the two cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication.

Question 12

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate and respiration?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 14

Which statement best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Question 15

Which type of adrenergic receptor is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate when activated by norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

Beta-1

Question 16

A patient presents with loss of sensation in a specific dermatome. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It selectively restricts passage of certain substances from the blood into the brain, protecting neural tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Control of emotional responses and memory formation

Question 20

A patient is unable to perform the withdrawal reflex in response to a painful stimulus. Which component of the reflex arc is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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