Question 1

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for the growth and preparation of the cell for division, and what is the main event occurring during this phase?

Accepted Answer

Interphase; the cell grows and replicates its DNA

Question 2

A mutation changes the mRNA codon from $ACU$ to $ACC$. Using the codon table, what is the result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation, as both codons code for threonine

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumors do not invade other tissues, while malignant tumors can metastasize

Question 4

A patient has a mutation that removes the first nucleotide 'C' from the mRNA sequence $CUG-GGU$. What is the new amino acid sequence using the codon table?

Accepted Answer

UGG-U... Tryptophan-?

Question 5

Which of the following diseases is NOT commonly associated with mutations in protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Question 6

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell before being separated?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Gene therapy is generally approved in the US under which condition?

Accepted Answer

It is performed on somatic cells and changes are not passed to the next generation

Question 8

If a cell undergoes apoptosis, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell is engulfed and removed without causing inflammation

Question 9

A mutation in the mRNA sequence $ACU-GGU$ changes the first codon to $AAU$. What amino acids are now coded?

Accepted Answer

Asparagine-glycine

Question 10

Which process is described as 'self-eating' and allows cells to recycle their own macromolecules during starvation?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 11

A cell is exposed to radiation that damages its DNA. Which of the following is a possible outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell may undergo apoptosis or necrosis

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why some mutations do not result in disease?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in non-critical regions of proteins may not affect function

Question 13

During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform and the cell begin to split into two?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 14

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted into an mRNA sequence. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

All downstream amino acids may be altered

Question 15

Which of the following is a method used to treat cancerous tumors?

Accepted Answer

Starve cells of nutrients

Question 16

A cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is most likely to be doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Growing and carrying out normal metabolic functions

Question 17

Which of the following statements about gene therapy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy can cure certain genetic diseases in somatic cells

Question 18

If a mutation changes the codon $UGA$ to $UGG$, what is the effect on the protein sequence?

Accepted Answer

A stop codon is replaced by tryptophan, potentially elongating the protein

Question 19

Which of the following is a common feature of programmed cell death (apoptosis) during development?

Accepted Answer

Removal of webbing between fingers

Question 20

A researcher observes that a cell is consuming its own macromolecules to make ATP during starvation. Which organelle is most involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Lecture #4

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards