Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the force exerted by a muscle using a hand dynamometer, if the dynamometer displays a value in kilograms and you want to convert it to Newtons?

Force (N) $$= \text{mass (kg)} \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the origin and insertion of a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

The origin is the fixed attachment, while the insertion is the movable attachment.

Question 2

A patient is unable to smile due to paralysis of a facial muscle. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Zygomaticus major

Question 3

Which muscle is classified as a fixator during elbow flexion, stabilizing the scapula so the biceps brachii can act efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Trapezius

Question 4

A muscle named 'flexor carpi radialis' is named based on which criteria?

Accepted Answer

Muscle action and location of attachment

Question 5

During mastication, which muscle compresses the cheeks and helps manipulate food?

Accepted Answer

Buccinator

Question 6

If the sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts on the right side only, what movement occurs?

Accepted Answer

The head rotates toward the right shoulder

Question 7

Which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion and shares a common insertion tendon known as the Achilles tendon?

Accepted Answer

Soleus

Question 8

A patient presents with difficulty abducting their arm. Which muscle is most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 9

Which muscle of the rotator cuff is responsible for medial rotation of the humerus?

Accepted Answer

Subscapularis

Question 10

A muscle originates from the iliac crest and inserts on the lower four ribs. Which muscle is this, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Internal oblique; flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Question 11

Which equation would you use to calculate the force exerted by a muscle using a hand dynamometer, if the dynamometer displays a value in kilograms and you want to convert it to Newtons?

Accepted Answer

Force (N) $$= 	ext{mass (kg)} 	imes 9.8 	ext{ m/s}^2$$

Question 12

A muscle that acts as a synergist during elbow flexion would:

Accepted Answer

Add extra force or stabilize the movement

Question 13

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the leg and stabilizing the knee?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 14

A patient has difficulty flexing their wrist and abducting their hand. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexor carpi radialis

Question 15

Which muscle originates from the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts on the skin of the eyebrows, raising them?

Accepted Answer

Frontalis

Question 16

If a muscle is named 'biceps brachii', what does the name indicate about its structure?

Accepted Answer

It has two origins and is located in the arm

Question 17

Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia?

Accepted Answer

Tibialis anterior

Question 18

A muscle originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts on the mandible. What is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Elevates the mandible

Question 19

Which muscle is involved in opening the mouth and depressing the mandible, originating from connective tissue of pectoral and deltoid muscles?

Accepted Answer

Platysma

Question 20

A muscle originates from the posterior and inferior part of the scapula and inserts on the medial sulcus of the humerus. Which muscle is this, and what is its action?

Accepted Answer

Teres major; adducts, extends, and rotates arm laterally

Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System: Study Notes

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