Guided Study for ANP Exam 1: Anatomy & Physiology, Chemistry, and Cell Biology

Q1. What is the definition of Anatomy and Physiology?

Background

Topic: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

This question tests your understanding of the basic definitions and distinctions between the two main branches of this field.

Key Terms:

• Anatomy: The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

• Physiology: The study of the function of the body and how its parts work together.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Start by recalling what each term focuses on: structure (anatomy) vs. function (physiology).

2. Think about how anatomy and physiology are related but distinct. Consider examples: anatomy describes the heart's chambers, physiology explains how the heart pumps blood.

3. Write a concise definition for each, making sure to highlight the difference in focus.

Try writing your own definitions before checking the answer!

Q2. What are the different types of Anatomy? What are the different types of Physiology? Know examples of each.

Background

Topic: Subdivisions of Anatomy and Physiology

This question asks you to identify and differentiate the various branches within anatomy and physiology, and to provide examples.

Key Terms:

• Types of Anatomy: Gross (macroscopic), microscopic, developmental, etc.

• Types of Physiology: Cell physiology, systemic physiology, pathological physiology, etc.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the main types of anatomy (e.g., gross, microscopic) and provide a brief description of each.

2. Do the same for physiology (e.g., cell, systemic).

3. For each type, think of a specific example (e.g., studying tissues under a microscope for histology).

Try listing the types and examples before checking the answer!

Q3. What is homeostasis, control center, receptor, variable, stimulus, effector?

Background

Topic: Homeostatic Mechanisms

This question tests your understanding of the components involved in maintaining internal balance in the body.

Key Terms:

• Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

• Control Center: Processes information and determines the response.

• Receptor: Detects changes (stimuli) in the environment.

• Variable: The factor being regulated (e.g., temperature).

• Stimulus: A change that causes a response.

• Effector: Carries out the response to restore balance.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define homeostasis in your own words.

2. Identify the role of each component in a homeostatic control system.

3. Think of an example (like body temperature regulation) and match each term to a part of the example.

Try matching each term to its role before checking the answer!

Q4. Understand positive feedback and negative feedback.

Background

Topic: Feedback Mechanisms in Physiology

This question is about the two main types of feedback systems that regulate physiological processes.

Key Terms:

• Negative Feedback: A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.

• Positive Feedback: A mechanism that amplifies a change.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define each type of feedback in your own words.

2. Think of a physiological example for each (e.g., body temperature for negative feedback, blood clotting for positive feedback).

3. Explain how the response affects the original stimulus in each case.

Try to come up with your own examples before checking the answer!

Q5. What are the levels of organization in an organism?

Background

Topic: Structural Organization of the Human Body

This question asks you to recall the hierarchy from the simplest to the most complex level in biological organization.

Key Terms:

• Levels: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the levels in order, starting from the smallest (chemical) to the largest (organism).

2. Briefly describe what each level represents.

3. Think of an example for each level (e.g., molecule, cell, tissue type, organ, etc.).

Try listing and describing each level before checking the answer!